Hills Like White Elephants and In Another Country Essay Example

Slopes Like White Elephants and In Another Country Essay Example Slopes Like White Elephants and In Another Country Paper Slopes Like White Elephants and In Another Country Paper Theodore Roethke has been cited for saying, â€Å"In a dim time, the eye starts to see.† What Roethke is stating is the point at which one is confronted with a hardship, reality of what their identity is appeared and their actual dimness gets clear. Roethke’s quote is a pleasing one and can be demonstrated in two short stories by Ernest Hemingway, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† and â€Å"In Another Country.† In â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the man experiences a â€Å"dark time† and the young lady understands the man’s genuine character. In â€Å"In Another Country,† the troopers of World War I uncover their real nature after their demonstrations in the war inside the clinic. These accounts contain proof to demonstrate Roethke’s quote as reality. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† has two principle characters, the man, the enemy, and the young lady, the hero. Both of them share a relationship that changes and is uncovered for its reality, during the contention of the couple repudiating each other on whether to prematurely end her unborn kid. Both of them are sitting at a train station in Madrid and examining the issue over a couple of beverages. One significant image is consolidated into the setting itself. One side of the train station is neglected and jumbled with grain, and has a solid cloudy, speaking to the man’s supposition. The rival side of the station has clear, far fields, is radiant, and has white mountains to the very foundation, with life of creatures fused, speaking to the girl’s conclusion. The white mountains speak to the splendid excellence of the kid, it helps her to remember white elephants, beginning from the term trinket meaning something the proprietor can't get free of.The man is att empting to persuade the young lady that freeing the kid would profit them, that it’s protected, simple, and everything would come back to the standard a while later. The young lady, be that as it may, needs to keep and bring forth this kid, despite the fact that the man is delivering a distressing contention. In the beginnin

An Introduction To Multiculturalism The Concept Sociology Essay

An Introduction To Multiculturalism The Concept Sociology Essay The meaning of multiculturalism relies a lot on the setting where it is talked about. Idea of multiculturalism is continually fluctuating as more individuals make their voices heard to an intermittently expanding crowd. Multiculturalism suggests the various points of view individuals create and keep up through assortments of experience and foundation coming from racial, ethnic, sex, sexual direction and additionally class contrasts in our general public. Multiculturalism is the acknowledgment or advancement of different ethnic societies. It is decent variety legitimate to the segment make-up of a particular spot, regularly at the authoritative level, for example schools, organizations, neighborhoods, urban areas or countries. In this unique situation, multiculturalists advocate stretching out evenhanded status to unmistakable ethnic and strict gatherings without advancing a particular ethnic, strict, as well as social network esteems as focal. Multiculturalism should safeguard the standards of equity, value, opportunity and regard for people and gatherings as a guideline essential to the accomplishment of a country. Foundation of British Public Life Style that grasps Multiculturalism the Evolution Britian is one of Europes most multi-social countries. There are various strategy drivers and verifiable happening that have driven Britian to develop into multicultural society that it is today. There is no punishment of movement in the 1914 and 1948 Nationality Acts. Migration stayed low, anyway until after 1948. In 1953 the all out number of outsiders to Britain was 2000 and before the finish of the primary portion of 1962 the number had ascended to 94,500. The 1948 British Nationality Act built up positive migration rights to Citizens of Commonwealth nations. England encountered an expansion in movement rate in present war period due on inadequacy of work. At first men alone came to Britain for occupations however in late 1960s and mid seventies their families went along with them. These included for the most part Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims and Buddhists just as Christians and they settled in London, in the Midlands and the North and in the seaport towns of Liverpool and Cardiff. The migration heap of 1960s and mid seventies made UK an ethnically and strictly different network. The possibility that the foreigner would at last consolidation and become some portion of the host culture which was given in mid-50s was dismissed. These people group build up their own social qualities. Racial pressure expanded and before the finish of 1950s foreigners were exposed to unmerited bigot assaults. This brought about the idea that migration and race relations were politically dubious issues and there was a developing effort to present movement controls. Somewhere in the range of 1950 and 1955 certain control measures were embraced to decrease the deluge to Uk as the quantity of West Indian, Indian and Pakistani settlers expanded. Be that as it may, disregarding the severe migration arrangement the number of inhabitants in foreigners is as yet developing In the course of the most recent decade a large portion of the migrants originated from the Indian subcontinent or the Caribbean, for example from previous British provinces. In 2004 the quantity of individuals who became British residents rose to a record 140,795 an ascent of 12% on the earlier year. This number had risen drastically since 2000. The tremendous greater part of new residents originate from Africa (32%) and Asia (40%), the biggest three gatherings being individuals from Pakistan, India and Somalia. This brought about changes to the British lifestyle and the UK got known as a multicultural network. Be that as it may, all the more as of late the term multiculturalism is turning into a challenged idea both in sociological talk and in ongoing arrangement making. The term multiculturalism is by and large idea to have emerged in Britain in a discourse by the then Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins in 1966. While this term is present in the UK there are regularly examples where nearby legislative issues can serve to reject minority societies while advancing the estimations of the prevailing white culture. Multiculturalism is additionally a term which portrays parts of social arrangement. Multiculturalism is utilized in various manners which can serve either to praise contrast or to go about as a spread for what, in any genuine terms, is another type of implemented digestion. It likewise should be perceived that assorted ethnic gatherings presently comprise of enormous quantities of individuals who have been conceived in Britain. Foundations for Reduction in Peoples Moral Value and Multi-social Understandings of Harmony in UK 1. Materialistic Lifestyles and Lack of Religious Influences Nowdays individuals are slanted towards monetary progression instead of social headway on premise of adhering to the virtues. Straightforwardness has been taken over by extravagent ways of life and additional necessities. This brings human cirlce of conduct and achieves huge effect on the whole social texture. There is absence of strict and profound impacts on individuals, and they don't will in general have confidence in temperances and moralities. In The Twilight of a Great Civilization, regarding absence of strict impacts on countries and subsequent development of unethical behaviors, Theologian Carl Henry expressed that there is no fixed truth, no last great, no extreme importance or reason, and that the living God is a crude illusion㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ it champions mystery, mysterious powers and powers, fellowship with nature and extraordinary religions. This idea of illusional God is taking up establishes in different segments of British society. 2. Divided Family Structure A broken family is unfavorable to the improvement of an individual and as a rule brings about low self-confidence. Among the various components for the weakening of ethics among the adolescent, for example, absence of strict training and gratefulness and friend pressure, a broken family were expressed as the main sources. The family is the fundamental structure squares of society. Misuse whether sexual, physical, enthusiastic, or mental is an undeniable and devastating issue in families today. Youthful grown-ups, couples and older battle with uneasiness, sadness, alarm assaults, sex enslavement, misuse, interbreeding, rest issue, separate, midlife disease, demise and a lot more issues. The family has drastically changed throughout the most recent 30 years. This outcomes in the weakening of ethics, values, convictions, needs, and ways of life. Such disconnected social frameworks where an individual is so unapproachable from family would show dismissal and absence of trust to different individuals from the general public particularly those from outsider societies. Absence of agreement in family structures at last lead to absence of concordance in multi-social society. 3. Frustrated Youth Young individuals are instructed in our schools and universities that morals, ethics, good and bad rely on the circumstance. A few educators and teachers utilize the idea of Values Clarification to instill understudies that their wants speak to legitimate good and moral qualities. A large number of these individuals have grown up and are among our most noteworthy pioneers today. Profound quality is crucial in every aspect of society. It is the basic training youngsters get that gives moral qualities that supply with enduring advantages. Todays lessons produce blended outcomes. Verbally abusing and bulling because of prejudice is common in British schools and instructive frameworks. This makes uneasiness understudies from different societies and makes feeling of disharmony. 4. Negative Messages by Media Billboards, magazines, TV ads, music recordings all depict messages of sex, viciousness and luxurious ways of life. Blood gore thrillers or activity stuffed ones are on the whole brimming with pictures of brutality. Indeed, even computer games have component of experience by injecting dashes of viciousness by utilization of weapons, explosives, blades. These channels of presentation to voilence makes us inclined to being sincerely coldhearted, and upgrade patterns of agression, outrage and savagery in the general public. Rough and forceful patterns call up for dis-congruity among different fragments of multi-social society. 5. Bigot Behavior Racists don't care for remote individuals who live in the UK, either as settlers or as guests. Supremacist conduct is progressively far reaching in territories where there are numerous settlers or in towns where there are numerous global understudies. Supremacist conduct infers the utilization of slang articulations. The British Crime Survey uncovers that in 2004, 87,000 individuals from dark or minority ethnic networks said they had been a casualty of a racially spurred wrongdoing. They had endured 49,000 fierce assaults, with 4,000 being injured. Simultaneously 92,000 white individuals said they had likewise fallen survivor of a racially inspired wrongdoing. The quantity of fierce assaults against whites arrived at 77,000, while the quantity of white individuals who detailed being injured was multiple times the quantity of dark and minority ethnic casualties at 20,000. The greater part of the guilty parties (57%) in the racially inspired violations recognized in the British Crime Survey are not white. White casualties said 82% of wrongdoers were not white. 6. Hatered Flared because of Terrorist Attacks According to a report by BBC race-abhor violations expanded by right around 600 percent in London in the month after the July 7 bomb assaults, with 269 additional offenses supposedly roused by strict contempt answered to the Metropolitan Police, contrasted with a similar period last year. [1] Muslim people group living in Britian becomes exposed to unforgiving mentalities since they are completely accepted to be from psychological militant gatherings. Strict pioneers of Muslim gatherings hold the view that administration and race bodies for seeking after an approach which, he asserts, has distanced Muslims. These perspectives were expressed to be ludicrous by the Commission for Racial Equality. This crack between those speaking to Muslim people group and the Commission for Racial Equality mirror a profound set feeling of restricting perspectives. Recommendations to Enhance Understanding and Harmony among Various Sections of British Society Media Propagation Media can assume an essential job in advancing harmony and amicability situated messages. Job of Ed

Essay (argument) Example

Essay (argument) Example Essay (argument) â€" Essay Example > IntroductionGambling is an activity that involves money wagering or rather something that is materially valuable during an event whose outcome is characterized with uncertainty with the key intention being to additional material goods and/or money (Becker and Murphy 2001, p. 10). This activity’s outcome to be realized takes only a very short period. Whether gambling should be acceptable within the society has been quite controversial issue with different states globally legalizing the activity and others terming it as an illegal activity. Leisure time also known free time is that which is usually spent without doing work, domestic chores and business. It may also refer to times when an individual is through the very necessary activities and has nothing else that is engaging. Gambling may be a leisure activity but the idea of whether it is an acceptable form for leisure raises concerns. Gambling may be viewed as an acceptable form of leisure for various reasons. People who do not know much about this activity are bound to think that it involves bad aspects. They may even have their deductions those individuals who engage in this activity as a form of leisure acquire habits that are not good. This may entirely not be the fact. The activity is understood to give its players pleasure at different ages (Bergler 2002, p. 33). Realistically gambling may be understood to be a form of leisure that is positive where people get entertained. It acts as a source of joy for individuals who in their old age wish to engage in some entertaining activity which they find interesting. From this perspective, gambling is demonstrated as being an acceptable form of leisure. It is the desire of each and every individual to undergo personal growth and development in all the aspects of the life including their mental abilities. This desire necessitates that individuals should engage in activities that foster such personal growth and development. Gambling being an acceptable form of leisure provides a chance that allows individuals to enhance their mental abilities. The activity is usually very mentally involving hence; the players need to think critically before making any steps or decisions while gambling. The game makes one to develop focus. It is a recommendation that individuals while gambling they should think their way through during each tough moment that they encounter while gambling. This activity therefore shows quite a high level of acceptability as far as it being a form of leisure is concerned. Another perspective that implicates gambling to be a form of leisure activity relates to the benefits that accrue from the entire activity. There is promotion of care and love for one another among the players due to the fact that, the players who understand the game properly offer help to those who need it. This is an act of kindness that promotes peace among people without any sense of self-centeredness. Apart from the players benefiting from the act ivity, there is an extended kind of benefit that further concerns the entire society. One of the benefits is the fact that there exist casino halls, which give charity to organizations, and institutions that are in need (Dunbar and Barret 2007, p. 66). This is a reflection that the activity is a form of leisure and which is acceptable.

drugs speech - 1038 Words

Drugs speech Good afternoon. I’m here to tell you all about the effects of drugs on your young vital stage of development. I am not here to tell you what is right or wrong but I am here to educate you in order to help you make the right decision when faced with the prospect of drugs. Drugs may seem a surprising topic at this point in time, but very soon parties will start dominating your social life and drugs and alcohol will crawl themselves in. This is a result of experimentation, curiosity, peer pressure or purely just trying to look cool and grown up. Young adulthood is the time in which you make mistakes and hopefully learn from. Drugs should not be one of them. I cannot say that none of you will ever try drugs because that†¦show more content†¦Methamphetamine is a class A drug which can rot your teeth, puts bags under your eyes, makes you start clawing your flesh, makes you angry, aggressive and you might even get seizures. Is that a risk you are willing to take? Many teens use drugs because they re depressed or think drugs will help them escape their problems. Some teenagers are simply curious and figure one try won t hurt. Others want to fit in and take drugs due to peer pressure. A few use drugs to gain attention from their parents. This is not the way to think. People will have more respect for you if you do something great – anyone can get their hands on drugs if they want to, but is that the type of respect you want? The truth is, drugs don t solve problems — they simply hide feelings and worries. When a drug wears off, the feelings and problems remain, or become worse. Drugs can ruin every aspect of a person s life. Drugs can make you nervous about anything and everything you do, they can make you do things you would never have done before- break the law, underage sex, violent behaviour and just generally make you look horrible; rotten teeth, bags under eyes, hair falling out or even extreme weight loss. The adults in your life have undoubtedly told you that drugs are bad about a million times. It is a fact that when someone tells you not to do something you are 47% more likely to do it, due to severe curiosity particularly common in children. The thought of a dangerous adventureShow MoreRelatedDrugs Speech Essay620 Words   |  3 PagesSpeech on Drugs Paracetamol, Marijuana, Aspirin, Cocaine, Heroin... all these fancy words, what are they all, Yes they are drugs all different types of drugs. All of which have a different affect on our body, OK some more then others but they all do the same, change the way the body reacts. Before i continue let me introduce my self. My name is Muhammad Mulla and i would like to thank all of you for coming today to educate yourself towards drugs and there effect. Let me start of by tellingRead MoreInformative Speech On Drug Abuse On Campus1125 Words   |  5 Pages A. Attention Getter: According to â€Å"D.A.R.E† a non-profit organization’s study in may 2017, the use of drugs and alcohol has quadrupled in college students and more students are visiting hospitals than ever. B. Audience Relevance: Drugs is one of the major issues in our society these days. The usage of drugs on college campus has been a major issue throughout the country and it has effected a lot of people, not only the ones who became victim of the issue but also friends and families ofRead MoreInformative Speech Outline on Addiction to Prescription Drugs799 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech – Topical Orientation General purpose: Addiction to prescription drugs Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the growing problem of prescription drug abuse, some common drugs that cause abuse, and their effects and some common treatments. Pattern: People living in today’s society must be aware about the dangers that prescription Drugs can cause them, as well as the people around them. Introduction: * Attention : Is it possibleRead MoreInformative Speech Study Drugs and College Students Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesInformative Speech Study Drugs and College Students I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: I reached into my backpack, grabbed an Adderall, and went to the bathroom. I smashed it on the bathroom sink and snorted it. I went back to my class and zipped through the rest of my exam, and it made all the difference. This student incident was found in a 2005 article published by Baylor University on the alarming use of â€Å"study drugs.† B. Thesis: Many of you may be unfamiliar with such a topic,Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Speech Why We Need End The War On Drugs 1433 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of TEDTalk In the speech â€Å"Why We Need to End the War on Drugs† given by Ethan Nadelmann, a drug policy reformist, Nadelmann gives a compelling and persuasive argument on how and why we should end the war on drugs. Nadelmann describes himself as the oldest son of a rabbi and a human rights activist who works to end the drug war. He urges that the drug war is very dynamic and what the United States is doing in relation to stop it is not effective. This helps launch into what heRead MorePersuasive Speech: We All Should Support Mandatory Drug Testing in Schools810 Words   |  4 Pagesmandatory drug testing in schools and to encourage my audience to maintain a drug-free environment in school Introduction: I. Have you ever entered your school to see men in uniform processing drug tests to all students of your school, your friends, and even people you might know who do drugs? Have you ever thought about getting caught if you’ve had taken drugs or alcohol recently? II. Mandatory and Random drug testing in schools are being more used today in our society. Mandatory drug testingRead MoreInformative Speech : Psychoactive Drugs Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe second article that I felt needed revision to solidify the success of the piece was the brochure that discusses my topic of psychoactive drugs. While creating this topic in brochure form, I enjoyed the task at hand, felt at ease when creating it, so revising it would not necessarily be a burden on my part. The first major revision worth noting is the coherency. Throughout there were some word phrases that either did not flow well, were out of place, or felt too extra to the discussion at handRead MoreWelfare Drug Testing Persuasive Speech1704 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment housing. Currently there is mass debate, in courtrooms across the U.S., regarding the legality and morality of pre-assistance drug testing. This report is intended to familiarize the reader with the history of welfar e reform; the histories of drug testing in regards to assistance eligibility; and persuade the audience to vote yes for mandatory pre-assistance drug testing. b) Body b.i) History of Welfare (b.i.1) The first welfare programs originated with the Social Security Act of 1935. (bRead MoreSpeech On Alcoholism And Drug Propaganda Essay2268 Words   |  10 PagesWell, a study done by the NCAAD (National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Inc.) that s what it feels like for 17.6 million people living in the United States who are battling alcoholism (6). The â€Å"War on Drugs† portrays the message that drugs like heroin and crack-cocaine are the dangers, but fails to mention that alcohol contributes to 3.3 million deaths annually, according to Jermaine D. Jones (6). All other drugs combined to an estimated 20,000 deaths per year. How is it possibleRead MoreThe Main Objectives Of Organizing A Speech970 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience and deliver a speech. But they wouold be more successful at delivering their speech if the speeches are well-organized. The most effective method of writing a speech is called organization, which refers to arranging speech material in a particular order. It is highly beneficial to organize the ideas that make up yo ur speech into three identifiable parts: first, an introduction, then a body, then last, a conclusion. The four main objectives of organizing a speech are to: Identify 2 to

Environmental Issues Caused By Landfills Essay - 1329 Words

Environmental Issues Caused by Landfills The overabundance of landfills is classified as one of the biggest environmental challenges facing the world today. This has been a major problem for people who reside around these landfill associated areas. People are now starting to realize the negative effect landfills have on people s health as well as on the economy of the countries with high numbers of landfills. Over the years, there have been countless incidents reported due to fatal gases in the air, surrounding garbage lots (Taylor, 1999, p. A 405). Methane, vinyl chloride and other deadly fumes were reported on the pavements near old landfills constructed before 1988. During the year of 1988, The United States Environmental Protection Agency established a bill called Subtitled D which summarized manufacture and enterprise obligations for all the disposal areas built after 1988. This allowed them to improve the preservation of water flowing underground and the conditions of the air. The costs for this architecture and its demands have severely increased. In order to pay for the expenses, landfill engineers are compelled to administer these prices with vast consumer supports by obtaining a prodigious quantity of concrete garbage. Another major problem that has come up is that although the former landfills are locked, they are still able to generate methane fumes. As stated by Garcia, if the methane is operating horizontally, it can reach toward neighboring homes (Taylor,Show MoreRelatedAir Toxins, Landfills, And The Solution1734 Words   |  7 PagesAir Toxins, Landfills, and the Solution - Plasmafication Introduction Landfill growth is inevitable. As landfills grow, they release toxic chemicals in the air and harmful pollutants into groundwater. These hazardous chemicals make our tap water undrinkable and our air unbreathable. Residents who live near landfills are most likely to encounter health problems. A few of these problems include: lung and respiratory problems, heart disease, nervous system damage, and cancerous illness. ResidentsRead MoreLandfills and Garbage Incinerators Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagespeople pretend that it does not exist. They tend to believe that waste disposal is an issue for the government and private contractors. While this is true, these people have to decide how to dispose of everyone’s’ garbage. And they have to ask, what impact will this refuse have on the environment and community after it is out of sight and mind? There are three basic ways that trash is disposed of recycling, landfills and incineration. Each with their own perks and flaws. Recycling has been and willRead MoreThe United States Of America1461 Words   |  6 Pagesfriendly manner. The United States is the top trash-producing country in the world at over 1,600 pounds per person per year. Although the U.S. accounts for 5% of the world’s population, it generates 40% of the world’s waste. According to the Environmental Protection Agency’s Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2010 â€Å"Americans generated about 250 million tons of trash and recycled and composted over 85 million tons of materials, resultingRead MoreThe Waste Of The Uk1597 Words   |  7 PagesWaste in the UK Tianyi Shi Abstract: The main purpose of this report is to highlight the issues of waste in the UK by giving three relative and reliable figures. As environmental problems are becoming more serious, how to reduce and dispose of waste has increasingly concerned the government. This research, based on the Direct Material Input and Domestic Material Consumption in the UK from 2000 to 2013, the comparison of waste arising in different sectors in the UK from 2004 to 2012 and local authorityRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Waste Management1281 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement and achieve compatibility in the cost of treatment processes and the maximum effect on controlling the pollution caused by waste. The combination process to treat leachate and in situ aeration are two examples of these new technologies. Waste management refers to all the actions required to manage waste from inception to final disposal in accordance with local environmental guidelines. Waste management is important for it reduces the adverse effect on human health and environment. For instanceRead MoreHealth Effects Of Air And Water Pollutants1159 Words   |  5 PagesHealth effects of air and water pollutants are major environmental issues that need to be better understood and controlled in the United States and globally. â€Å"Pollution can occur from natural causes or from human activities† (Air and Water Pollution, 2015, p. 1). This issue is so important for many reasons, but for this discussion, it is being identified to give a voice to the urgency for the world to pay attention to how our environment is falling into a catastrophic level of decline because ofRead MoreWhat Is Warren County PCB Landfill1358 Words   |  6 Pagesof Carolina decided to use the county as a place to dump the contaminated soi l, which is known as Warren County PCB Landfill. The residents of the county fought against the landfill in many ways for a long time, pursuing an environmental justice. The landfill was extremely controversial and years of lawsuits came after it. It is also one of the earliest and most famous environmental classism cases in the history. According to the 2010 united states census, the population in Warren County had 20,972Read MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Recycling1486 Words   |  6 Pages While people think it doesn t save energy, people should take recycling into consideration to help the world they live in because it creates less needs for raw materials, creates job , and reduces the pollution caused by waste. You learn more and more about the basic concepts of recycling and the benefits it holds. Not many see the purpose in recycling or the good in it but there is a lot of good in recycling . Growing up I m sure you always saw in school the text in logos for recycling to beRead MoreLandfill Fire Threatens Nuclear Waste Site Outside St. Louis1091 Words   |  5 PagesLater the EPA admitted that people who work at the West Lake Landfill have to be cautious and careful to protect their health. According to Veronica LaCapra’s report, Landfill Fire Threatens Nuclear Waste Site Outside St. Louis. if the Westlake Landfill’s soil is disarranged, â€Å"radioactive dust particles could be released into the atmosphere.† Unfortunately, it may lead to the inhalation of airborne radioactive dust particles. If these particles are inhaled by workers it could seriously harm theirRead MoreFort Riley : A Military Installation1502 Words   |  7 Pagescontaminated. There are landfills, hospitals, motor pools, and burn pits along with other facilities. There are well within the Camp Funston Landfill that have been contaminated with vinyl chloride along with other VOCS. Ground water around the dry cleaning facilities on the post have had PCE detected in them. Due to a fire training pit near the Marshall Army Airfield, ground water around this location has been contaminated with VOCS. With Fort Riley being a military installation, the landfill has been reported

Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

US health care system was inefficient despite of disbursement 15 % of GDP during 2006 which was more than three times than in 1960. Ten old ages back, the wellness attention system of USA was announced to be broken and in future it did n’t better. Managed attention did non do seeable the fixes promises. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The rates of premium are increasing. The annoyance of patients as good physicians flourish. The survey shows that about 45 million people in Americans are still uninsured. In the approaching hereafter, these issues will acquire worse and new challenges will come on the screen. New engineering is doing topographic point and it is doing the things efficient, but the cost of intervention every bit good new trial is higher so before.A Doctors are doing the lives of people lengthy so now more people require the medical intervention so earlier. As the age of babe is increasing so they are demanding the better interventions. Owing to the increased cost, employers will non accept the position quo. Sp they exclude the benefits for new hiring. Others might go forth the concern of insurance concern wholly and will lend merely to cover the costs but will non give coverage by themselves. The figure of uninsured people in America will increase because of these alterations. Disenfranchised middleA category will lift in consequences of these alterations. Employers will travel for and prefer this alteration. The wellness attention system of American splits the population into two groups foremost is insiders and 2nd is foreigners. Insiders are those who are insured and they have good insurance so they get everything modern. No affair hoe expensive the medical specialty and intervention is. Foreigners are those who have hapless insurance program or nil at all. They receive really small out of their insurance programs. About 47 million Americans are uninsured and the figure is turning twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Insurance companies presently deny covering people with preexistent conditions. Peoples who have terrible medical conditions like AIDS, malignant neoplastic disease and other such diseases were non covered by the insurance companies. These people are at bad and that ‘s why non covered by companies. Major employers are cutting their costs in healthcare disbursement to vie in the planetary challenging market.[ 2 ]Employers are denying paying insurance premiums to these workers due to high premiums and the current economic state of affairss. Employers are switching the economic load towards the employees like deductibles and co-pays. Almost half of the belly-up people are due to the high medical costs and this cost is straight or indirectly affects the economic system. Hence, authorities has to pay more. One more job in the current system that physicians are non paid harmonizing to their service quality. Doctors are paid really less as compared to other states of Earth like in Uni ted Kingdom, physicians are paid for 95 % while in US merely 30 % . Lot of people even did non travel to sophisticate due to high costs of trials, intervention or followup after the intervention. These higher costs associated with health care besides stopped Americans sing physician on a regular basis for medical examination. Besides physicians do non cognize the history of patients due to non sing them on a regular basis. Americans besides have high ratio of chronic diseases. This is besides leads to more disbursement on health care and its handiness to hapless people. United States is the lone state among the developed states whose all citizens do non hold entree to its citizens except South Africa[ 3 ]. Medicare and Medicaid are two of authorities plans which provide medical every bit good as wellness related services to the specific group of people in USA. Both of them are different but are managed by the centres of Medicare and Medicaid which is a division of US Department of Health and Human Services. Medicaid is a plan which includes agencies tested wellness and medical services for specific persons and households who have low income and limited resources. It is chiefly looked after at federal degree, but each stat develops its ain criterions like eligibility criterions ; determines the sum, type, period and range of the services ; puting the rate of payment for services ; administers its ain Medicaid plans. As mentioned above that States is the concluding determination authorization of planning of service which will be provided under their Medicaid plan. But there are some necessary demands which must be matched by the States to have support from Federal. Following are the compulsory services: Impatient and Outpatient infirmary services Prenatal attention Children Vaccines Service of Physician Facility of Nursing services for persons aged 21 or older Servicess of Family be aftering with supplies Rural wellness clinic services Home wellness attention for individuals eligible for skilled-nursing services Lab and X ray services Pediatric and household nurse practician services Nurse-midwife services Federally qualified health-center ( FQHC ) services and ambulatory services Early on and periodic showing, diagnostic, and intervention ( EPSDT ) services for kids under age 21 Besides the above, the provinces can add more 34 optional approved services and can have the Federal matching support. Although each province has the authorization to put the eligibility standard for acquiring the Medicaid services but fundamentally the plan has been started to assist the people with low income. Other demands may include age, gestation, disablement, other assets and citizenship. Medicaid does non pay money to the persons. Medicaid plan plants like a plan provide intervention to the persons and gives payment to the wellness attention suppliers. State makes the payment while provinces receive reimbursement from Federal Government. Medicare is a Federal wellness plan of insurance. It pays for aged and certain handicapped Americans to infirmaries and medical attention. The plan is divided into 4 parts: Separate A, B, C and D. But two chief parts for infirmaries and medical insurance are Part A A ; B. Separate A may be known as Hospitals Insurance, pays for the infirmary corsets and it includes repasts, supplies, semi private suites and proving. It besides pays for place wellness attention. Part B which is known as Supplementary Medical Insurance. It pays for doctors visits, place wellness attention costs, outpatient infirmaries, and other services for aged and disabled. It covers lasting medical equipments, certain inoculations, blood transfusion, lab and diagnosing trials, X raies, chemotherapy, hormonal trials and spectacless. Part B requires a certain premium which caries each twelvemonth. Part C is besides known as Medical Advantage Plan because it allows the users to plan a usage program that can be more helpful and align to the demands of their medical demands. Part D includes the prescription drug program. It is administered by one of many private insurance companies. Eligibility for Medicare requires a US citizen or uninterrupted 5 old ages legal occupant of US must be at least 65 old ages old or under 65 and disables or any age individual with End Stage Renal Disease. Payroll revenue enhancements which are collected through Federal Insurance Contributions Act and Self Employment Contributions Act are the major elements of support for Medicare. US health care reforms measure 2010 will be $ 940 billion over the period of 10 old ages.[ 4 ]This measure will cover 32 million American people who are uninsured. Health Insurance can be purchased through state-based exchanges and fiscal subsidy will be offered to the income below 133 per centum and 400 per centum of poorness degree in US. Tax relaxations will be offered to the little concern to buy employee insurances. Peoples who are availing subsidies will non be eligible for Medicare, Medicaid and besides for employer covered insurance. New revenue enhancement will be imposed in 2012 at rate of 3.8 per centum on income of households doing over $ 250,000 per twelvemonth. Insurance reforms will be introduced and insurance companies wo n’t deny to the people and kids with preexistent conditions. Medicaid will spread out to include 133 per centum of the poorness degree in United States. In 2014, everyone must buy a insurance or face the one-year mulct fees. Employers who have more than 50 employees must supply insurance to their employees or face a mulct on the footing of per worker. Illegal immigrants can non avail insurance even if they pay their ain money. Abortion insurance will be paid by private money and it will non be subsidized by federal or revenue enhancement remunerator financess. Republican offered an alternate plan on the footing of four common-sense reforms which can be afforded by people of US named as Common-sense health care reform. It includes that all concerns and households can purchase insurance across US. The 2nd point is that persons, little concerns and trade associations can get insurances at lower costs by combine attempts. It besides allows provinces to take down costs by making advanced reforms. The last reform is to complete the cases which must be obeyed by physicians because of acquiring sued by Police. This will stop the high cost trials and other processs which are really non required by the patients. How to cite Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

US health care system was inefficient despite of disbursement 15 % of GDP during 2006 which was more than three times than in 1960. Ten old ages back, the wellness attention system of USA was announced to be broken and in future it did n’t better. Managed attention did non do seeable the fixes promises. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The rates of premium are increasing. The annoyance of patients as good physicians flourish. The survey shows that about 45 million people in Americans are still uninsured. In the approaching hereafter, these issues will acquire worse and new challenges will come on the screen. New engineering is doing topographic point and it is doing the things efficient, but the cost of intervention every bit good new trial is higher so before.A Doctors are doing the lives of people lengthy so now more people require the medical intervention so earlier. As the age of babe is increasing so they are demanding the better interventions. Owing to the increased cost, employers will non accept the position quo. Sp they exclude the benefits for new hiring. Others might go forth the concern of insurance concern wholly and will lend merely to cover the costs but will non give coverage by themselves. The figure of uninsured people in America will increase because of these alterations. Disenfranchised middleA category will lift in consequences of these alterations. Employers will travel for and prefer this alteration. The wellness attention system of American splits the population into two groups foremost is insiders and 2nd is foreigners. Insiders are those who are insured and they have good insurance so they get everything modern. No affair hoe expensive the medical specialty and intervention is. Foreigners are those who have hapless insurance program or nil at all. They receive really small out of their insurance programs. About 47 million Americans are uninsured and the figure is turning twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Insurance companies presently deny covering people with preexistent conditions. Peoples who have terrible medical conditions like AIDS, malignant neoplastic disease and other such diseases were non covered by the insurance companies. These people are at bad and that ‘s why non covered by companies. Major employers are cutting their costs in healthcare disbursement to vie in the planetary challenging market.[ 2 ]Employers are denying paying insurance premiums to these workers due to high premiums and the current economic state of affairss. Employers are switching the economic load towards the employees like deductibles and co-pays. Almost half of the belly-up people are due to the high medical costs and this cost is straight or indirectly affects the economic system. Hence, authorities has to pay more. One more job in the current system that physicians are non paid harmonizing to their service quality. Doctors are paid really less as compared to other states of Earth like in Uni ted Kingdom, physicians are paid for 95 % while in US merely 30 % . Lot of people even did non travel to sophisticate due to high costs of trials, intervention or followup after the intervention. These higher costs associated with health care besides stopped Americans sing physician on a regular basis for medical examination. Besides physicians do non cognize the history of patients due to non sing them on a regular basis. Americans besides have high ratio of chronic diseases. This is besides leads to more disbursement on health care and its handiness to hapless people. United States is the lone state among the developed states whose all citizens do non hold entree to its citizens except South Africa[ 3 ]. Medicare and Medicaid are two of authorities plans which provide medical every bit good as wellness related services to the specific group of people in USA. Both of them are different but are managed by the centres of Medicare and Medicaid which is a division of US Department of Health and Human Services. Medicaid is a plan which includes agencies tested wellness and medical services for specific persons and households who have low income and limited resources. It is chiefly looked after at federal degree, but each stat develops its ain criterions like eligibility criterions ; determines the sum, type, period and range of the services ; puting the rate of payment for services ; administers its ain Medicaid plans. As mentioned above that States is the concluding determination authorization of planning of service which will be provided under their Medicaid plan. But there are some necessary demands which must be matched by the States to have support from Federal. Following are the compulsory services: Impatient and Outpatient infirmary services Prenatal attention Children Vaccines Service of Physician Facility of Nursing services for persons aged 21 or older Servicess of Family be aftering with supplies Rural wellness clinic services Home wellness attention for individuals eligible for skilled-nursing services Lab and X ray services Pediatric and household nurse practician services Nurse-midwife services Federally qualified health-center ( FQHC ) services and ambulatory services Early on and periodic showing, diagnostic, and intervention ( EPSDT ) services for kids under age 21 Besides the above, the provinces can add more 34 optional approved services and can have the Federal matching support. Although each province has the authorization to put the eligibility standard for acquiring the Medicaid services but fundamentally the plan has been started to assist the people with low income. Other demands may include age, gestation, disablement, other assets and citizenship. Medicaid does non pay money to the persons. Medicaid plan plants like a plan provide intervention to the persons and gives payment to the wellness attention suppliers. State makes the payment while provinces receive reimbursement from Federal Government. Medicare is a Federal wellness plan of insurance. It pays for aged and certain handicapped Americans to infirmaries and medical attention. The plan is divided into 4 parts: Separate A, B, C and D. But two chief parts for infirmaries and medical insurance are Part A A ; B. Separate A may be known as Hospitals Insurance, pays for the infirmary corsets and it includes repasts, supplies, semi private suites and proving. It besides pays for place wellness attention. Part B which is known as Supplementary Medical Insurance. It pays for doctors visits, place wellness attention costs, outpatient infirmaries, and other services for aged and disabled. It covers lasting medical equipments, certain inoculations, blood transfusion, lab and diagnosing trials, X raies, chemotherapy, hormonal trials and spectacless. Part B requires a certain premium which caries each twelvemonth. Part C is besides known as Medical Advantage Plan because it allows the users to plan a usage program that can be more helpful and align to the demands of their medical demands. Part D includes the prescription drug program. It is administered by one of many private insurance companies. Eligibility for Medicare requires a US citizen or uninterrupted 5 old ages legal occupant of US must be at least 65 old ages old or under 65 and disables or any age individual with End Stage Renal Disease. Payroll revenue enhancements which are collected through Federal Insurance Contributions Act and Self Employment Contributions Act are the major elements of support for Medicare. US health care reforms measure 2010 will be $ 940 billion over the period of 10 old ages.[ 4 ]This measure will cover 32 million American people who are uninsured. Health Insurance can be purchased through state-based exchanges and fiscal subsidy will be offered to the income below 133 per centum and 400 per centum of poorness degree in US. Tax relaxations will be offered to the little concern to buy employee insurances. Peoples who are availing subsidies will non be eligible for Medicare, Medicaid and besides for employer covered insurance. New revenue enhancement will be imposed in 2012 at rate of 3.8 per centum on income of households doing over $ 250,000 per twelvemonth. Insurance reforms will be introduced and insurance companies wo n’t deny to the people and kids with preexistent conditions. Medicaid will spread out to include 133 per centum of the poorness degree in United States. In 2014, everyone must buy a insurance or face the one-year mulct fees. Employers who have more than 50 employees must supply insurance to their employees or face a mulct on the footing of per worker. Illegal immigrants can non avail insurance even if they pay their ain money. Abortion insurance will be paid by private money and it will non be subsidized by federal or revenue enhancement remunerator financess. Republican offered an alternate plan on the footing of four common-sense reforms which can be afforded by people of US named as Common-sense health care reform. It includes that all concerns and households can purchase insurance across US. The 2nd point is that persons, little concerns and trade associations can get insurances at lower costs by combine attempts. It besides allows provinces to take down costs by making advanced reforms. The last reform is to complete the cases which must be obeyed by physicians because of acquiring sued by Police. This will stop the high cost trials and other processs which are really non required by the patients. How to cite Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Literature Review E

Introduction It is strongly believed that print books will be considered preferred medium for readers, but there is also a widely accepted assumption that technological change will touch upon the transition from transitional book production to digital one. A technologically driven society, therefore, will provide a favorable ground for reducing substantially the print material and engaging the development of technologically driven education.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Literature Review: E-Books vs. Traditional Books and Influence on Public Library Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The emergence of e-books has provided society with a number of advantages and has introduced alternatives of acquiring education. Expanding reading and learning possibilities, therefore, is an attractive option created by online technologies. However, it is hard to predict whether e-book development can become an ho norable substitution for traditional books which value is defined not by its content, but by its cultural and historical affiliations. In this respect, key question arises concerning the future trends in development of e-books, as well as how technologically developed society influence the preservation and perception of traditional book as part of history and culture. Background The statistics shows significant increase in e-book sales during the period from 2002 to 2006. Thus, in 2002 the sales of e-books amounted to $ 5.8 million whereas this figure rose up to $ 20 million in 2006 (Nelson, 2008). The highlighted trends, therefore, provides many technology providers and publishers with substantial marketing grounds for triggering the adoption of virtual books in the future. By 2012, it is expected that the sales will grow up to $ 5 billion and, therefore, scientific and professional publishing in libraries will be replaced with digitized variants of books (Nelson, 2008). Such a per spective will significantly influence reconstruction of existing libraries and will threaten the extermination of traditional books. While exploring the demographics in correlation with the sales rates, it should be assumed that people under the age category of 30-44 years are the most frequent users of e-books (about 40 %) (Special Reports on E-Book Production and Digital Printing Technology, 2011). Other age categories are less interested in e-books technologies. The prevalence of e-books over their hardcover versions is also evidence from the survey revealing augmentation from 38.1 % to 49.6 % of people who would rather wait to buy electronic version than buy the print book right away, where the percentage rates range from 18.9 % in September 2011 to 12.7 % in August 2011 (Special Reports on E-Book Production and Digital Printing Technology, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aside from statistics, the popularity growth of e-books is evidence because of the increasing rates of adoption of electronic material in colleges and universities. According to Foasberg (2011), â€Å"†¦both e-reader owners and other e-book users were much more likely to identify as early adopters of technology in general† (p. 112). In this respect, the adoption rate of technological devices supporting e-books reading is likely to be promoted in future. Despite the growing trends in adopting electronic reading materials, uncertainty remains in regard to the role of traditional books in education, as well as well the consequences e-book expansion can have for community library systems in particular and education in general. This is of particular concern to the problem of cultural resistance (Nelson, 2008). This important aspect, therefore, can become the major obstacle preventing libraries from total transition from traditional reading to online readin g. All these issues should be considered by means of examining the evidence presented in literature. Rationale – Purpose of the Study With regard to the above-presented considerations, the given research aims to define the basic trends in digital books prevalence over their print versions, as well as analyze what impact it will have on community library systems and education. The study is highly relevant given the fact that the technological advancement becomes the main aspects of social development. Moreover, analysis of statistics and survey will also help to define the underpinnings of replacing traditional books by electronic ones. Finally, the given paper will contribute to understanding the attitude of various age categories toward digital expansion, as well as forecast further trends in traditional system of book reading in community libraries. The results of the study will also show negative impacts of traditional books reduced popularity on child development. Literat ure Review The development of digital space has given rise to the development of electronic books that are quite popular among teenagers and businesspeople. The technological progress contributed greatly to the prevailing nature of digital material over printed material, which introduced substantial changing to community library system that were previously engaged in traditional scheme of managing readers’ needs. However, computer software development created opportunities for restructuring libraries and introducing computer classes. In this respect, it is purposeful to look through the literature that explores the origins of e-books development, individual perceptions and demographics of using electronic materials, understand the status of libraries and define in what way, digital transition influences the future of print books development. In such a manner, it is possible to predict the ratio traditional books and digital versions in various libraries.Advertising We wi ll write a custom research paper sample on Literature Review: E-Books vs. Traditional Books and Influence on Public Library Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Growing Trends in Reading Electronic Books The emergence of electronic books and its conceptualization refers to 1960s. The value of microcomputers and their applications in terms of electronic materials became available in 1980s (Zucker et al., 2009). The next two decades after that were marked by significant expansion of electronic books use, most of which were affordable in many languages. Today, the variety of e-books ranges from animated versions of books for children to much more sophisticated literature, including software allowing teachers and students to work out complicated learning and teaching strategies. Along with the growing popularity of e-books and greater availability of technological devices, more and more teenagers prefer using digital version of their favorite books. In this respect, Springen (2011) has discovered that e-reading can become the future of all libraries because of much easier access and portability of online and electronic versions of books. Such well-known publishers as Amazon, Barnes Noble, Apple and YA Publishes have expanded their market potential with the emergence of high demand for e-books. The popularity of digital reading is also explained by the increased use of virtual space for socializing. In this respect, integrating reading activities into the online surface will allow to increase the popularity of this activity in general (Springen, 2011; Zucker et al., 2009). The point is that the current teen generation can be regarded as a transition generation which equally regards e-books and published versions. Growing popularity of e-books does not only change the style of reading, but also expand the actual definition of what a book is. In this respect, Valenza and Stephens (2012) refer to the Iconic Project Gutenberg containing a collection of about 36,000 books, favored the movement of electronic book portals. These online portals are able to provide libraries and schools with collections of a variety of books. Despite the increased demand for electronic books, many teen readers consider a traditional book a talisman. Within this context, e-book titles serve as the precursors of the published version and, therefore, teenagers are inclined to use equally electronic readings and traditional books. With regard to the above-regarded presented tendencies, e-book expansion is on the rise, but traditional reading will not be removed entirely because of a number of social and cultural factors. In addition, e-book overcomes traditional books due to the technological development and globalization process.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the same time, gradual, sluggish transition to digital material is also explained by the age distinctions. Specifically, there is a significant percentage of the population (under age of 50) who are not technologically savvy. They are more fond of reading traditional books. Touching physical books, turning pages, and making notes on the margins is another exclusive opportunities for traditional readers to get pleasure from reading print books. Library and E-books As soon as iPhone was invented, many people are more likely to use it to read books online. The point is that the availability of e-books is much greater than presence of published versions. As a result, there is a threat of significant fall of visitors at traditional libraries because of considerably higher convenience of online bookstores. In this respect, â€Å"†¦digitization has made the removal of physical books easier for the library to contemplate† (Bell, 2012, p. 32). Although the process of digitizat ion has a mass character, the need to preserve traditional libraries remains because of the threat of cultural decline. What is more important is that many categories of American citizens fail to access online books because of Internet access limitations. The U.S. Census shows that more than 30 % of households do not have the Internet connection at home (Bell, 2012). The emergence of electronic books in libraries has challenged the technological base of public establishments. As a result, spending on preserving and monitoring the electronic book database has also increased considerably. Gray and Copeland (2012) have examined and compared the costs necessary to use and maintain print books and the budget necessary for preserving the collection of electronic books. The comparison is combined with a cost analysis and provides an alternative way to explore the effectiveness of funds spend on both electronic and print formats. The results of research have demonstrated that â€Å"†¦ the highest circulating e-books circulated at the same rate as the first print copy† (Gray Copeland, 2012, p. 339). More importantly, the study has indicated the obvious prevalence of e-book format use over the use of printed version. Electronic book database creation has a number of benefits for public libraries. In particular, Polanka (2011) has defined that e-books increase circulation because of the 24/7 availability of online library. Digital books do not need additional shelves and specific conditions for maintenance. Therefore, this type of book distribution is quite cost effective. Moreover, e-book purchase does not involve such procedures as books processing, or shipping. Despite the fact that audio books and e-books are offered in various genres, public libraries tend to introduce popular materials. Transition from traditional book libraries to e-book libraries creates a number of issues and concerns because of economic and social underpinnings. Publishers also have a mixed opinion concerning the necessity of introducing digital dimension to all public and college library systems because of library specification. The question also concerns the need to preserving purely traditional libraries so as to preserve deep culture of traditional publishing. Current State of Community Libraries Today, public library system cannot exist without the access to e-book library. This fact cannot be ignored and, therefore, evidence shows that more and more people ask the librarians about the digital format of the book of interest and librarians cannot ignore this fact because it can undermine the reputation of their libraries. What is more threatening is that library can lose their regular readers. However, not all publishers are satisfied with this new option in libraries because of unlimited access of users to authentic and copyright materials (Say, 2011).E-book emergence is closely associated with the current state of community and public libraries. In this respect, there is an assumption that e-books can become the future of libraries. At the same time, it is suggested that â€Å"reading on a screen is an unpleasant experience that has, and will continue to, stymie the growth of e-books† (Buzzetto-More et al., 2007, p. 50). Encouraged by the benefits of digital books, many libraries, including Children’s Digital Library, approve the creation of e-books for children all over the world. Digital revolution in the library introduces specific challenges to the library personnel because of insufficient competence and skillfulness in handling new technological devices and computer software. In this respect, the research conducted by the Primary Research Group (2008) has discovered that â€Å"more than 53 % of U. S. libraries surveyed felt that their patrons were less skillful in use of e-book collection than they were in the use of article databases† (p. 20). More than half of librarians operating financial resources of no more than $ 1.5 million also express their insufficient experience and awareness of library transition to digital resources. In addition, the survey introduced by the Primary Research has discovered findings concerning the readers’ attitude to e-book reading in libraries and have found that location, library size, and origin of the establishment do not influence greatly on the trend in using e-book reading device. The analysis of e-book vs. print book distributions imposes a serious problem on library systems because of inability to integrate a complex and consistent shift in terms of personnel training, equipment insurance, and e-book distribution. Few researchers indicate the exact number of readers that prefer using digital materials, as well as the percentage of those who support the traditional concept of reading. Impact of Digital Expansion Right after the emergence of e-book and e-content, much concern has been raised about the future of traditional books. Each stag e in development predicted and assumed the disappearance of traditional print books, fall of text culture, and other changes where the concept of literacy would be altered. However, the actual process of e-book integration was gradual and sluggish and, as a result, many readers were disappointed with the trends at the e-market (Marshall, 2009). The point is that reading on a computer screen was not satisfying enough; not all genres were available to online readers. At earlier stages, the hardware was too inconvenient and, therefore, readers were interested in e-reader device as a novelty that provokes attention for a short period of time. Further development of e-book material has introduced much more convenient hardware media and more and more readers prefer using those for reading books (Marshall, 2009). The spread of electronic publishing has a created a new vision on learning, reading, and information exchange. Although electronic books received greater popularity, the role of t raditional books remains unchanged. The history of hypermedia and the Internet captures a much shorter period of time in comparison with that of print book development. Book publishing shapes part of a larger industry including the manufacturing and distributing a wide range of products. In this respect, electronic publishing is just one stage of book publishing history. Martin et al. (2010) marks, â€Å"†¦book publishing has frequently been at the forefront of social and technological change† (p. 14). In this respect, the digitization of distribution channels, along with demographic and market change, has contributed to reconstitution and dissolution of book publishing chains, as well as liberation of authors and empowerment of reading audience. Consequently, experienced publishers with long book publishing history now encounter a rigid market competition that has been enhanced because of the emergence of digital dimension. Globalization process is also among the key dr ivers that influenced the development of e-book publishing and developed new potential markets. According to Martin et al. (2010) â€Å"globalization†¦can be perceived as providing a technological platform for progress with wide ranging benefits to the global population† (p. 18). At the same time, it can also been seen as a destructive power preventing the formation of culture of print. On the one hand, digitization is regarded as a new step in technological development introducing scientific progress and promoting social and economic development (Martin et al, 2010). One the other hand, e-book spread involves a number of challenges for print culture that is under the threat of extinction. With the placement of e-books on the first place, public libraries might face the problem of copyright violation. In this respect, Feldman (2010) argues, â€Å"Copyright shouldn’t adjust to the digital revolution; the digital revolution should adjust to copyright† (p. 17) . However, most of the publishers declare that Google often outlaws the established norms of copyright and presents significant constrains to preserving authenticity of electronic books of printed versions. Similar concerns are represented in the article by Stoeppelwerth (2011) who discusses possible difficulties related to the emergence of Apple IPads and Apple’s iBookstores. Specifically, the researcher concludes that U.S publishers â€Å"†¦desire to curtail the e-book discounting by Amazon and other online retailers permitted under the traditional wholesale distribution relationship† (Stoeppelwerth, 2011, p. 74). Shifts to market distribution, therefore, is also among tangible tendencies in e-book spread. Buzzetto-More et al. (2007) argue that e-book development has changed the conception and purpose of reading and introduced changes to many academic and social spheres. Specifically, â€Å"e-books are just one example of e-content based learning object whose b enefits include: hyperlinking, nonlinearity, data density, search ability, enhanced presentation, and multimedia features† (Buzzetto-More et al., 2007, p. 240). Expanding the concept of text, reading, and learning by means of tradition from traditional books to the electronic one, is a controversial process which involves a number of economic, social, and cultural undercurrents. Complex dimensions are specifically connected with deep history of print industry development, inconsistency of e-book distribution, and influence of technological progress on the overall state of education and public library systems. Traditional Books vs. E-Books There is rigid debate over the emergence of electronic books and its potent impact on the traditional libraries development. The issue is specifically concerned with cultural, economic, and political issues, as well as shortcomings of digital expansion. Despite the constant expansion of electronic books, it is strongly suggested that the mark et will still be distributed equally between digitized and published versions of books. According to Milliot (2012), there are several underpinnings and trends. In particular, â€Å"the number of readers who do not intend to buy a reading devices seems to be solidifying at around half of all readers, and even among digital device owners† (Milliot, 2012, p. 2). In this respect, the survey also proves that more than half of buyers state that they are reluctant to buy a reading devices and similar percentage supports that they possess a reading device and, therefore, they would prefer reading electronic books. To understand the state of online books distribution in contrast to the traditional books selling, specific emphasis should be placed on statistics. In this respect, Primary Research Group (2008) has defined that â€Å"non-U.S. libraries were more likely than U.S. libraries to maintain a print copy of a book in the library’s e-book collection† (p. 23). Public libraries with budgets over $ 4 million maintained printed versions of electronic books in a collection containing 43 % of all books. College libraries use up to 37 % of digital material for course resources (Primary Research Group, 2008). This percentage is relatively slow because of high prices established for the course reserves (Primary Research Group, 2008). Scanty use of electronic books may also reveal the publisher decision to receive isolated revenues from course reserves. It can reflect librarians’ unawareness of the terms of using the course research, as well as their unfamiliarity with the instructions for using e-book collections. Impact of Print Material Deficit on Education and Intellectual Development The development of online bookstores and library websites has triggered new directions in education and learning. According to Larson (2010), there is an urgent necessity to integrate technological devices to practice e-reading activities because â€Å"E-books have the potential to unveil an array of new teaching and learning possibilities as traditional and new literacy skills are integrated in meaningful ways† (p. 15). The first stage of integrating novelties into current reading programs includes redefinition of the text because teachers search for alternative text resources, including electronic books and digital texts. In traditional terms, the text is often perceived as a print passage of speech. However, the modern definition of texts is confined to a much wider definition of written words. In this respect, Larson (2010) notes, â€Å"most children†¦have a keen awareness of the possibility of combining modes and media to create a message† (p. 15). The positive dimension of e-book integration in education is presented. However, there are still considerable shortcomings of technological intervention to books production. This is of particular concern to parent-child interaction and negative influence of e-book expansi on. In the studies by Moretz (n. d.), it has been discovered that â€Å"parents and pre-school children have a more positive interaction when sharing a reading experience with a traditional book as opposed to an electronic book† (n. p.). Therefore, the research focuses on children’s attitude toward both traditional books and e-books in the context of interaction and communication. Despite lack of interaction between parents and children using e-books, they can still have a positive influence on children’s literacy. Zucker et al. (2009) explains â€Å"†¦to gain proficiency in reading, children must develop two major strands of skills: the ability to rapidly decode printed words and the ability to understand and construct meaning from the language of a text† (p. 50). Taking into consideration the common features between electronic books and print books, the digital materials could contribute positively to acquisition of similar skills that could be ach ieved while reading traditional books. However, e-format of books allows children to go beyond their opportunities that are afforded during traditional reading and encounter new vocabulary through new learning strategies. Another benefit of choosing e-book is presence of greater motivation, particularly for those children who are reluctant to read (Zucker et al., 2009). Education experienced a significant shift with the appearance of digitized books and materials because of wider opportunities that e-books can proposed. Distant learning and online courses are among such opportunities that allow students all over the world access books from any location and at any time. Despite the fact that numerous researches highlight disadvantage of using electronic books, there are still ones that support e-book learning in terms of increased motivation in reading activities. Summary of the Chapter The tendencies in the development of e-book database in public libraries have a complex and multid imensional nature because of a number of factors. To begin with, trends in e-book expansion are closely associated with technological advancement and the globalization process introducing changing to the community library. Much literature is dedicated to studying the origins of e-book development to define the reasons for introducing digital devices for reading books. As a result of changes, electronic materials have introduced new meaning and conceptualization of text, reading, and the purpose of books. The history shows that digital transition is explained by the need to introduce a new stage of library services. The emergence of digitization is also presupposed by teenagers’ increased interest into virtual space allowing to socialize with each other via Internet. In this respect, electronic books allowed them to combine these activities and introduce new learning strategies. Despite the growing popularity of unpublished books, the demand for traditional books remains becau se of the presence of age categories of people who prefer using print books to their electronic versions. Economic and social factors also contributed to the print book tradition because there are still layers of population that have a limited access to computer software and online bookstores. A relatively equal distribution of financing between online and published books is also explained by identical cost-effectiveness of both markets. Hence, neither print books nor online books can be out circulation. Nevertheless, the benefits of using digital materials are obvious. In particular, libraries have a great opportunity to increase the book circulation without the necessity to cramp the library with additional shelves. E-book purchase procedures are also much more beneficial in comparison with traditional book purchase because of absence of specific shipment and delivery terms. At the same time, traditional books can also take advantage over their digital versions in terms of greater variety of genres, as well as greater book availability. But this is just the matter of time. The emergence of digital format of book distribution in the libraries has raised the problem of authenticity and copyright because many publishers are concerned with the terms of buying and selling books online. Besides, reluctance of publishers to introduce electronic versions of books can also worsen the reputation of libraries encouraging e-book services. Besides, the rapid introduction of electronic databases requires courses and training programs for librarians who have problems with managing e-reading devices and software. In the chapter, explanations are given in regard to the influence of e-book development on education and intellectual development of children. On the one hand, digital materials expand students’ opportunities in terms of learning strategies. On the other hand, electronic books reading prevent them from sharing their experience with teachers. This is of parti cular concern to children who could have problems with reading because of limited interactions with their parents. Nevertheless, the emergence of distant learning and online courses has widened students’ educational opportunities. Definition of terms Electronic/digital/online e-books – books that are saved in electronic formats and can be read by means of electronic devices, including PCs, iPhone, etc. Digital format – a form of preserving information by means of software. Books saved in digital formats can be saved on specific electronic devices. They change the conception of text and reading because it is possible to use passages in various ways. Traditional/published/print books – physical books that are made of paper with hardcover and print words. They can be preserved in libraries on shelves. References Bell, D. A. (2012). The Bookless Library. New Republic, 243(12), 31-36. Buzzetto-More, N., Sweat-Guy, R., Elobaid, M. (2007). Reading in A Digital Age: e-Books Are Students Ready For This Learning Object?. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Knowledge Learning Objects, 3239-250. Feldman, G. (2010). Americans face painful changes. Bookseller, (5424), 17. Foasberg, N. M. (2011). Adoption of E-Book Readers among College Students: A Survey. Information Technologies and Libraries. 108-128. Gray, D. J., Copeland, A. J. (2012). E-Book versus Print. Reference User Services Quarterly, 51(4), 334-339. Larson, L. C. (2010). Digital Readers: The Next Chapter in E-Book Reading and Response. Reading Teacher, 64(1), 15-22. Marshall, C. C. (2009). Reading and Writing the Electronic Book. US: Morgan Claypool Publishers. Martin, B., Martin, W. J., Tian, X. (2010). Books, Bytes and Business: The Promise of Digital Publishing. US: Ashgate Publishing. Milliot, J. (2012). Moving Toward A Hybrid Market. Publishers Weekly, 259(4), 2. Moretz, P. M. (n. d.). Traditional Books Provide More Positive Parent-Child Interaction According to Temple, Erikson Res earchers. Temple University’s Office of Communications. Retrieved from https://www.temple.edu/ Nelson, M. R. (2008). E-Books in Higher Education: Nearing the End of the Era of Hype? Educause Review. 43(2), Retrieved from https://er.educause.edu/articles/2008/3/ebooks-in-higher-education-nearing-the-end-of-the-era-of-hype Polanka, S. (2011). No Shelf Required: E-Books in Libraries. US: ALA Editions. Primary Research Group. (2008). Library Use of E-Books. US: Primary Research Group. Say, M. (2011). Public Libraries Open Doors for E-Books. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/government-computing-network/2011/apr/14/public-library-ebook-service-grows-cilip-lincolnshire Special Reports on E-Book Production and Digital Printing Technology. (2011). Seybold Report: Analyzing Publishing Technologies, 11(24), 11. Springen, K. (2011). Reaching the e-Teen. Publishers Weekly, 258 (8), 21. Stoeppelwerth, A. M. (2011). Antitrust Issues Associated with the Sale of e-Book s and Other Digital Content. Antitrust Magazine, 25(2), 69-74. Valenza, K. J., Stephens, W. (2012). Reading Remixed. Educational Leadership, 69(6), 75. Zucker, T. A., Moody, A. K., McKenna, M. C. (2009). The Effects of Electronic Books on Pre-Kindergarten-to-Grade 5 Students’ Literacy and Language Outcomes: A Research Synthesis. Journal Of Educational Computing Research, 40(1), 47-87. This research paper on Literature Review: E-Books vs. Traditional Books and Influence on Public Library Systems was written and submitted by user Danny Garrett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Literary Review on Molieres The Imaginary Invalid Essays

A Literary Review on Molieres The Imaginary Invalid Essays A Literary Review on Molieres The Imaginary Invalid Paper A Literary Review on Molieres The Imaginary Invalid Paper Moliere’s â€Å"The Imaginary Invalid† is a play about a hypochondriac who is so obsessed with his health and money that he ends up neglecting his family’s needs to better his own. Moliere sets up the exposition of the play in Act I by the apothecary bills Argon is reading aloud. After Toinette, the maid, then enters the scene she sarcastically makes a comment about all of the bills lying on the table. Toinette lets the audience know that Argon is a hypochondriac by rebutting everything he says about his doctors and illnesses with sarcastic comments. For instance, when Argon says, â€Å"You leave my insides alone.† She comes back with, â€Å"I wish you would. You’d be a different man.† She also lets the audience know by saying, â€Å"Why, if it wasn’t for him you wouldn’t even know you were ill,† speaking of the apothecary. The main conflict of the play is Argon’s unwillingness to accept that he is not ill and he is, in fact, a very healthy man. This â€Å"illness† leads to the selfishness that he shows his family, especially his daughter Angelica. Later in Act I his â€Å"illnesses† prove to have relevance to the conflict when she speaks of Cleante, the man she loves. Cleante is not a doctor; therefore, Argon will not give his blessings for Angelica to marry him. The conflict of the play was that Argon would not give his blessings for the marriage of his daughter, Angelica, and the man she loves, Cleante. The main characters involved in the conflict besides Angelica and Cleante is Argon, the problem, Toinette and Argon’s brother, Beralde, which resolve the conflict in the end. Argon is involved, as stated earlier, because he will not give his blessings on the marriage. Toinette and Beralde were involved in the resolution to the conflict because they cared about Angelica and her happiness. I believe that Beralde was more involved in the resolution because he felt that his brother was going far with his hypochondria, but still cared for Angelica’s happiness. Argon seemed to over-step the line when he tried to ruin the lives of his daughter just for his mental well being. The steps taken to see that Angelica does not have to marry a man that she simply does not want to marry lead up to the climax of the play. Argon finally realizes who cares about him and who doesn’t when he overhears his wife, Beline, speaking of his death and then Angelica. The climax was in Act III when The denoument of the play was uncertain. The dominant theme of this play is mind versus body. The play is about a wealthy, but self-centered, man who believes that he is constantly ill. However, there is obvious doubt to whether he is really ill or is he is simply imagining his illnesses. Therefore, the primary theme is Argon’s internal struggle of the body versus mind. This theme is developed throughout the play into smaller themes such as greed versus love and death versus life. It was obvious to me that in the play, Argon was only imagining his illnesses and that he was in dire need of attention. Argon had two groups of people giving him this attention, though both very different. One group (the doctors, Beline, and Bonnefoy, the lawyer) wanted his money. The other group (Angelica, Toinette, Beralde, and Clente) only wanted his love. Together these two groups compete for the wealth and love that they need from Argon.

Erving Goffmans Front Stage and Back Stage Behavior

Erving Goffman's Front Stage and Back Stage Behavior In sociology, the terms front stage and back stage refer to different behaviors that people engage in every day. Developed by the late sociologist Erving Goffman, they form part of the dramaturgical perspective within sociology that uses the metaphor of the theater to explain social interaction. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Erving Goffman presented the dramaturgical perspective in the 1959 book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. In it, Goffman uses the metaphor of theatrical production to offer a way of understanding human interaction and behavior. He argues that social life is a performance carried out by teams of participants in three places: front stage, back stage, and off stage. The dramaturgical perspective also emphasizes the importance of the setting, or context, in shaping the performance, the role of a persons appearance in social interaction, and the effect the manner of a persons behavior has on the overall performance. Running through this perspective is a recognition that social interaction is influenced by the time and place in which it occurs as well as by the audience present to witness it. It is also determined by the values, norms, beliefs, and common cultural practices of the social group or the locale where it occurs. Front Stage Behavior- the World Is a Stage The idea that people play different roles throughout their daily lives and display different kinds of behavior depending on where they are and the time of day is a familiar one. Most people, consciously or unconsciously, behave somewhat differently as their professional selves vs. their private or intimate selves. According to Goffman, people engage in front stage behavior when they know that others are watching. Front stage behavior reflects internalized norms and expectations for behavior shaped partly by the  setting, the particular role one plays in it, and by ones physical appearance. How people participate in a front stage performance can be highly intentional and purposeful, or it can be habitual or subconscious. Either way, front stage behavior typically follows a routinized and learned social script shaped by cultural norms. Waiting in line for something, boarding a bus and flashing a transit pass, and  exchanging pleasantries about the weekend with colleagues are all examples of highly routinized and scripted front-stage performances. The routines of peoples daily lives- traveling to and from work, shopping, dining out, or going to a cultural exhibit or performance- all fall into the category of front stage behavior. The performances people put on with those around them follow familiar rules and expectations for what they should do and talk about with one another in each setting. People also engage in front stage behavior in less public places such as among colleagues at work and as students in classrooms. Whatever the setting of front stage behavior, people are aware of how others perceive them and what they expect, and this knowledge tells them how to behave. It shapes not just what individuals do and say in social settings but how they dress and style themselves, the consumer items they carry around, and the manner of their behavior (assertive, demure, pleasant, hostile, etc.) These, in turn, shape how others view them, what they expect of them, and how they behave toward them. Put differently, French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu would say that cultural capital is a significant factor both in shaping front stage behavior and how others interpret the meaning of it. Back Stage Behavior- What We Do When No Ones Looking When people engage in back stage behavior, they are free of the expectations and norms that dictate front stage behavior. Given this, people are often more relaxed and comfortable when  back stage; they let their guard down and behave in ways that reflect their uninhibited or true selves. They cast off elements of their appearance required for a front stage performance, such as swapping work clothes for casual clothes and loungewear. They may even change how they speak and comport their bodies or carry themselves. When people are back stage, they often rehearse certain behaviors or interactions and otherwise prepare for upcoming front stage performances. They might practice their smile or handshake, rehearse a presentation or conversation, or prep themselves to look a certain way once in public again. So even back stage, people are aware of norms and expectations, which influence what they think about and do. In private, people behave in ways that they would never in public. However, even peoples back stage lives tend to involve others, such as housemates, partners, and family members. One may not behave as formally with these individuals than standard front stage behavior dictates, but they may not fully let down their guards either. Peoples back stage behavior mirrors the way actors behave in the back stage of a theater, the kitchen within a restaurant, or the employee only areas of retail shops. For the most part, how one behaves front stage significantly differs from an individuals back stage conduct. When someone ignores the expectations for front and back stage behaviors, it may lead to confusion, embarrassment, and even controversy. Imagine if a high school principal showed up to school in her bathrobe and slippers, for example, or used profanity while speaking with colleagues and students. For good reason, the expectations linked to front stage and back stage behavior influence most folks to work pretty hard to keep these two realms remain separate and distinct.

Business Writing Class Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Writing Class Discussion - Assignment Example Francis then adds that including sub-topics when preparing the first draft is important as doing this later on can prove to be quite demanding and time consuming. Therefore including them at the first instance will aid efficiency. Joel basically reiterates what Francis said but he puts his thoughts differently as he mainly focuses on the creation of the problem statement and filing and storing enough data before embarking on the project. What is a problem statement? It is a concise description of the issues that need to be addressed by a problem solving team. The problem statement helps in providing the focal point for the document. In the legal profession such statements are referred to as the locus classicus. They help to give the document direction and tie in the whole document together. Collecting enough data before starting an assignment is also very importantas this is where one can retrieve materials. Most students use the internet but never save such documents in the belief that they can just use their search engines to look for these documents. This on the other hand consumes a lot of time which can be spent doing other activities. Storing this information is also useful for future references. The essence of planning cannot be emphasized enough and just to illustrate its importance, all the three class members have referred to it, including Timmy. According to Timmy, time management is key to achieving success. He says if he could do it all over again he would choose his topic much sooner and plan his time better. Procrastination is the best time thief and it is very common among students. It gives one a false belief that there is always ample time but before you know it, it is a day before the deadline and you are forced to burn the mid-night oil. Proper planning and organizing is of paramount importance if one is to achieve success both in

ABBREVIATION ERRORS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ABBREVIATION ERRORS - Assignment Example d that the Institute of Medicine reported that more than 7,000 deaths a year are due to medication errors which was published in their 1999 review To Err is Human (Landers ). Due to this disturbing report, a campaign was launched in 2006 by FDA and IMP to reduce errors, wherein one of the main thrusts of that campaign was to eliminate some error-prone notations like U and IU ( FDA press release 2006 ) The following three abbreviations chosen that were prone to error are the following : BT ( bedtime ),q1d ( once a daily), and u ( for units ). BT is commonly mistaken as BID ( twice daily ) which can be lethal when the medication can cause extreme reactions to the patient when an over dose is given. Another mistake would be q1d which can be thought of as 4 times daily since it closely resembles qid .;thus, administering a dosage four times the original dosage can have produce other unwanted symptoms such as allergy or even shock that can complete the doctor’s treatment. The third abbreviation is u ( units ) which is commonly mistaken 0 or 4 thereby increasing the dosage as much as ten times. Consequently, the result would be an overdose that would stress out the liver or kidneys of the patient which can cause serious complications or even death. The Purpose of the safety goals is to promote safety when using abbreviations in prescribing. The Goals main focus is clarity in written communication that will result to correct administration of

Music Therapy :: essays research papers

rynjulf Stige is the first Coordinator of the music therapy education program at Sogn og Fjordane University in Sandane, Norway, where he is an associate professor. With diverse experiences as a music therapist using a community based approach, Stige has written numerous articles and books on music therapy and music education. He is editor-in-chief of the Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, and co-editor (with Carolyn Kenny) of Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy. He is one of the most insightful thinkers working within the music therapy profession. He believes that humans cannot escape culture. Through culture, we are provided the tools we need to deal with challenges of everyday life. Stige believes that culture has not been focused on enough and in his book, Culture-Centered Music Therapy, he brought the culture to the music therapy world. His book is divided into four main parts excluding the introduction, preface, etc. Part One of the book, outlines premises for the argument, examining basic concepts such as culture, humankind, meaning, "musicking," and the nature-nurture debate. Part Two highlights how culture-centered music therapy may be practiced. The scope varies from community music therapy (aimed in part on cultural change in the community), to ecological music therapy (focusing on communication at micro- and mesosystem levels), to individual music psychotherapy (considering the individual in cultural context). In Part Three, implications for describing and understanding music therapy are discussed, including a chapter on how to define music therapy as a practice, discipline, and profession. A culture-inclusive model of the music therapy process is also proposed. Part Four suggests approaches to music therapy research within a culture-centered context. A call for increased reflexivity, the ability to reflect upon one's social and cultural position, is at the heart of the discussion, along with a continuing theme of this book: the relations and tensions between local and more general perspectives on music therapy. Focusing more on Part I, the first three chapters that make up that section educate the reader on key premises that arise throughout the rest of the text.. The first chapter explores an integration of themes from biology, history and culture. It opens with a concise and scholarly history of the concept of culture, discussing etymological roots and noting different uses and misuses throughout history. Reference is made to the disciplines of anthropology and ethnography, the latter playing a significant part throughout the text.

Initial Public Offerings Paper Essay

When an organization goes global many outside factors can help the organization as well as work against it. There are many risks that are involved when dealing with foreign exchanges and an organization must understand how to deal with those risks and issues that may arise. Making public offerings presents risks as well and this is where those closest to the organization help protect and maintain the organizations image. The following paper will cover and address the issues and risks involved with an organization becoming a global firm as well as ways to mitigate any issues that may present themselves during the duration of the company’s transition. Role of Investment Banker and Underwriter One of the primary ways to raise capital for a company is the sale of stocks and bonds. Special expertise is required when executing these transactions, which is done in a way that will exploit income to directing regulatory necessities when assessing implements. At this point is when an investment bank typically comes into play. Large enterprises and the investors are the investments banks bridges. Their primary goals are to instruct organizations and governments on how to see their business challenges are and how to support them. The role of underwriters typically obtains underwriting fees from their issuing clients. Underwriters also gain revenues by marketing underwritten dividends to venture capitalists. Underwriters may take responsibility for issuing a safety issue to the community. Role of Originating House and Syndicate When a company is preparing for an initial public offering, it must go through an originating house or a syndicate. The originating house is an investment or brokerage firm that manages the underwriting and sale of a new  issue of stock to the general public. When the negotiation of an underwriting involves more than one firm, a syndicate is formed to handle the process. A syndicate is created when several brokerage firms come together to complete the underwriting process and manage the sale of the new securities. Both the originating house and a syndicate will first buy the new securities and then resell them to the public. These two entities play a crucial role in an initial public offering. Explanation of Pricing Issue Issuing securities is a positive way to gain capital for an organization. The first issuance of a security is priced carefully to maximize the amount of capital an organization will receive as well as entice investors to purchase the securities. New securities issued are typically sold through a brokerage firm connecting the organization with investors. If the issue is priced too high, the firm cannot sell the issues tying up their capital. If the issues are priced too low investors will purchase them very quickly causing the price to jump; this is good for the investors but bad for the original organization (Mayo, 2012). Risks Involved in an Initial Public Offering There are risks associated with any expansion a company may go through. An initial public offering can be a risk because there is no guarantee of what this stock will do on the first day. The stock may sell quickly, or the stock may not sell at all. Many people are not comfortable with initial public offerings because there is no historical data on the company, and this makes their decision on purchasing the stock difficult. Those investing in the company want to be sure they will receive a return on their investment and without proper documentation to back this up they may not be willing to make those initial purchases. The private investors in the firm will also lose some control of the organization because now outsiders gain voting control over the firm. The risk of this decision is the other company may resist the takeover. This means there is a risk of a costly takeover battle. . Foreign Exchange Risks When an organization decides that it wants to reach out into the global market, there are some risks that should be analyzed before moving on. An organization is at risk when it comes to foreign exchange due to the  different currency that is involved with each country that the company expands to. â€Å"Foreign exchange risk occurs when the value of the investment fluctuates due to changes in a currency’s exchange rate.† (Sargeant, 2015). When the currency in the domestic market appreciates against the currency in a foreign market, the profits earned in that foreign market or country will be lower because it has been changed back to the currency in the domestic market where the organization is based. In this type of situation, the organization will face times in which revenues will go up as well as come down. Even though the revenues from expanding into a global market may fluctuate, there are still advantages that an organization can use to the companies advantage. Conclusion An initial public offering can be a difficult and complicated process for a company. There are many roles and players involved in the process such as the investment banker, underwriter, originating house, and syndicate. Also, there may be many risks involved for both the company and the players. It may take time to make money off the stock, and there could be an initial debt for both the company and those involved. Currency exchange rates can affect the stock causing a fluctuation in price. The process of an initial public offering can be a difficult and complicated process, but the benefits are significant and may outweigh the costs and risks of the process. References Mayo, H.B. (2012). Basic finance. An introduction to financial institutions, investments, and management (10th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Sargeant, Nicola (2015) â€Å"What Risks Do Organizations Face When Engaging In International Finance Activities? http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/internationalfinancerisks.asp